Biblically, circumcision is a sign of the [Abrahamic Covenant](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+17&version=KJV) between God and Abraham, and was incumbent on him and each of his (male) descendents lest they be "[cut off from his people.](http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2017:14&version=KJV) " Insofar as they're descended from Ishmael, one could argue that Arabs (especially the prophet himself and his descendants) would be accounted as among Abraham's offspring and thus still affected by the Covenant. However, it would be harder to extend this same to non-Arab muslims who are not descended from the Abrahamic line (either by blood or by adoption). To my understanding, circumcision is also considered mandatory in Shi'a Islam: Is there any evidence that this is directly due to the Covenant of Abraham, and if so, does it (the Covenant) apply to even those Muslims not of Abrahamic descent?

According to a hadith, "[whoever prays the Subh then he is under the protection of Allah's covenant, so do not be treacherous with Allah in his covenant.](http://www.sunnah.com/tirmidhi/2#74) " Evidence exists of many different covenants between God and mankind, each with their own terms and conditions: **What exactly is the nature of this particular covenant, and when was it covenanted?**

While not explicitly mentioned in the Bible, the Jewish oral history refers to the [Seven Laws of Noah](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noahide_laws) as binding on all mankind as part of the Covenant of the Rainbow. While it is known that all prophets preached the same fundamental message of Islam, is there mention of these particular laws, as per this particular Covenant, in the primary sources?