As is known, the majority of *hadith* literature available today was compiled well after the death of the prophet, due in part to the nigh-unmanageable number of questionable or downright fabricated *ahadith* which were being narrated. The [*hadith* sciences](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studies) were developed, giving scholars criteria with which to distinguish between [authentic *ahadith*](https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/23/what-are-the-requirements-of-a-sahih-hadith) and [weak *ahadith*](https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/8/how-do-we-make-sure-if-an-hadith-is-sahih-or-fake) .
Take, for example, *Sahih Bukhari*. Bukhari was notoriously discriminating, and went through significant effort to collect and compile only the most authentic *ahadith* that he could; for the sake of argument let's assume that he was successful and that [this collection was 100% authentic](https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/2419/is-sahih-bukhari-hadith-collection-100-authentic-and-if-yes-how-sunni-scholars) .
However, this merely determines that these collected *ahadith* were authentic at that particular point in time. Given that these books were written centuries before any form of "perfect" scriptural reproduction was available, any copies made thereof would have to have been transcribed manually. And without any [original manuscripts to refer to](https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/2506/original-copies-of-muhammad-al-bukharis-books) , any current references would be based upon these copies, or copies of copies.
Due to simple human error, every manually-copied edition increases the chances of mistakes being introduced into the text, be it intentional or accidental. To me, this parallels very strongly with the earlier *hadith* sciences, wherein determining the authenticity of any particular *hadith* requires a thorough understanding of every narrator in the *isnad*. A *hadith* is only considered *sahih* if each and every narrator in the *isnad* is considered reliable.
The only difference in the case of transcription is that this "narration" is transmitted textually, rather than orally.
No hadith text I have seen lists a "scribal *isnad*;" the chain of narration, such as it is, tends to end with the fact that it was compiled by Bukhari. Given that any scribe between the original compilation and the invention of perfect digital copies may have (inadvertently) changed the text, what we have today as "Sahih Bukhari" may or may not be the original text compiled by Bukhari.
I realize that just because I've not seen such a "scribal *isnad*" does not mean they do not exist (limited to English as I am, many *ahadith* do not even bother to translate the normal *isnad*), and I also realize that a number of *sahih ahadith* would've been recorded during that time in disparate enough works that they could (by the same parallel) be considered *mutawatir*, but I know little (if anything) about the sciences of *hadith* which specifically deal with *ahadith* after they're compiled. Do the extant *hadith* sciences account for such (potential) scribal errors, or must we resort to [textual criticism](https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/1310/is-textual-criticism-important-to-islamic-studies) to determine authenticity?
To put it another way, if (for example) Imam Bukhari were alive today, would he call any hadith, even those compiled in his own *Sahih*, "*sahih*"?
(note that *Sahih Bukhari* was used as an example, but the question is applicable to any *hadith* which is called "*sahih*," regardless of where it was compiled or who authenticated it)
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Note: I am not asking about whether the hadith sciences themselves are valid; I'm asking about how or even whether they've *continued* to be valid in the same way over the thousand-plus years since they were developed.
Asked by goldPseudo
(13346 rep)
Sep 27, 2012, 04:38 AM
Last activity: Apr 6, 2022, 03:53 PM
Last activity: Apr 6, 2022, 03:53 PM