Why is the Pali word 'saṅkhārā' in Dependent Origination plural?
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In researching Dependent Origination as described in SN 12.2 and using a basic Pali language guide (page 18), I found the following about each main Pali word:
> **jarāmaraṇaṃ** singular from maraṇa neuter
>
> **jati** singular from jāti feminine
>
> **bhavo** singular from bhava masculine
>
> **upādānaṃ** singular from upādāna neuter
>
> **taṇhā** singular from taṇhā feminine
>
> **vedanā** singular from vedanā feminine
>
> **phasso** singular from phassa masculine
>
> **saḷāyatanaṃ** singular from saḷāyatana neuter
>
> **nāmarūpaṃ** singular from nāmarūpa neuter
>
> **viññāṇaṃ** singular from viññāṇa neuter
>
> **saṅkhārā** plural from saṅkhāra masculine
>
> **avijjā** singular from avijjā feminine
The above seems to correlate with every translation I have read. Note: saḷāyatanaṃ may appear to be translated as plural but it appears singular because it includes 'six'.
For example, all translations say: "*What is feeling [singular]?*" rather than "*What are feelings [plural]?*"
> And what is feeling? Katamā ca, bhikkhave, vedanā? There are these six
> classes of feeling. Chayime, bhikkhave, vedanākāyā— Feeling born of
> contact through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind.
> cakkhusamphassajā vedanā, sotasamphassajā vedanā, ghānasamphassajā
> vedanā, jivhāsamphassajā vedanā, kāyasamphassajā vedanā,
> manosamphassajā vedanā. This is called feeling. Ayaṃ vuccati,
> bhikkhave, vedanā.
The saṅkhārā condition is described as follows:
> And what are **saṅkhārā [plural]**? Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā?
>
> There are three kinds of saṅkhārā. Tayome, bhikkhave,
> saṅkhārā— body saṅkhāro [singular], speech saṅkhāro [singular] and mind saṅkhāro
> [singular] kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro.
Why is the Pali word 'saṅkhārā' in Dependent Origination plural where all other words are singular?
Asked by Paraloka Dhamma Dhatu
(48159 rep)
Dec 4, 2018, 04:35 AM
Last activity: Dec 9, 2018, 11:44 PM
Last activity: Dec 9, 2018, 11:44 PM